Cicero was born on January 3, 106 BCE, in Arpinum, a town southeast of Rome.
His full name was Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Cicero is best known for his speeches and writings on politics, philosophy, and rhetoric.
He served as consul of Rome in 63 BCE and played a key role in exposing the conspiracy of Catiline.
Cicero's philosophical works introduced Greek philosophy to Roman culture, blending Stoicism, Platonism, and Skepticism.
He was a staunch defender of the Roman Republic and opposed the rise of Julius Caesar.
Cicero's letters provide valuable insights into the politics and society of the late Roman Republic.
He coined the famous phrase 'O tempora! O mores!' which translates to 'Oh, the times! Oh, the customs!'
Cicero's speeches against Mark Antony, known as the Philippics, ultimately led to his proscription and execution in 43 BCE.
He was exiled from Rome in 58 BCE due to his opposition to Publius Clodius Pulcher but was recalled a year later.
His rhetorical skills were so renowned that his name became synonymous with eloquence.
He wrote extensively on ethics, law, and politics, with works such as 'De Republica,' 'De Legibus,' and 'De Officiis.'
Cicero's influence extended to the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, impacting thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu.
Despite his political struggles, Cicero maintained a commitment to his principles and the ideals of the Republic.
His legacy endures through his writings, which continue to be studied and admired for their literary and philosophical contributions.
