Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri, as Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
He took his pen name, Mark Twain, from a term used by Mississippi River steamboat pilots to measure river depth.
Twain worked as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before becoming a writer.
His novel 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' is often considered one of the greatest American novels and a cornerstone of American literature.
Twain's first successful work, 'The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,' was published in 1865 and brought him national attention.
He was known for his wit and humor, both in his writing and in his lectures.
Twain invested heavily in new technologies and inventions, including the Paige typesetting machine, which led to significant financial losses.
He traveled extensively, including a tour of Europe and the Middle East, which he documented in 'The Innocents Abroad.'
Twain was friends with notable figures such as Nikola Tesla and Henry H. Rogers.
He was an outspoken critic of imperialism and was vice president of the Anti-Imperialist League.
Twain's works often addressed social issues such as racism, class disparities, and the flaws of human nature.
He experienced significant personal tragedies, including the deaths of his wife, Olivia, and three of his four children.
Twain's later works, such as 'The Mysterious Stranger,' reflect his growing pessimism and cynicism about humanity.
He received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University in 1907.
Mark Twain passed away on April 21, 1910, in Redding, Connecticut, but his legacy endures through his timeless and influential works.